Real Life Incident: Grounding Leads To Major Listing Of Ship, Declared Total Constructive Loss

A general cargo ship loaded with grain was in a river waterway and approaching a lock entrance. On the bridge, the pilot was steering the vessel and the Master was controlling the main engine according to the pilot’s instructions. The propulsion/steering consisted of a reversible propeller surrounded by a controllable propeller nozzle/rudder.

As the vessel approached the lock at about 4 knots, the Master initiated a reversing manoeuvre according to the pilot’s instruction, but the reverse order did not work. The vessel’s bow now pointed to the port shore. A new reverse manoeuvre was attempted. Reverse power began, but not in time to keep the vessel from grounding.

With reverse power still, at full, the ship came back into the channel relatively quickly. During this movement, the vessel’s starboard side heavily contacted the cement support dolphins of the lock approach jetty. Unknown to the crew, this contact caused a hull breach just below the waterline. The ship was quickly moored port side to, on the lock approach jetty.

Shortly afterwards, the ship began to list to starboard. Due to the grounding, it was assumed that there was water ingress into one of the starboard double bottom ballast tanks, so the crew countered by filling port tanks.

The ship had an estimated list of 15–17 degrees to starboard so ballasting on the port side continued as there was concern that the ship would capsize to starboard. The list to starboard was decreasing when suddenly the vessel flopped to port and lay against the jetty with a 20-degree list. The crew were brought onshore. The ship later rolled further to port and stabilised at about 54 degrees.

After nearly four weeks of salvage work, the ship was declared a total constructive loss and was scrapped. The investigation found, among other things, that although the initial grounding incident was relatively minor, it quickly developed into a serious accident requiring a protracted salvage process.

Water ingress was not into the double bottom tanks as initially assumed by the crew, but into the starboard dry-space tanks higher up, with the breach just below the waterline.

Lessons learned

• If at all possible, leave a ship in its grounded position until a full assessment of the damage has been carried out.
• If damage to the hull is suspected, ensure your information as to water ingress is correct before initiating any counter action. Sound all tanks and first establish where the damage has occurred.
• Once you have established where the damage has occurred, initiate corrective action as per the stability booklet or stability calculations. Any unplanned or improvised actions could have unintended consequences.
• Commonly, provided the ship still has positive stability, damage stability tactics require filling the double bottom tanks on the damaged (lower) side first (or removing cargo higher up) to lower the CG.

Reference: nautins.org